Consistent Banding/Ringing on large prints

Hello all, I’m facing an issue with one of my X1Cs that I haven’t been able to resolve. On my prints, I’m getting pretty bad ringing and/or banding on the outside of my prints. I know the issue is hardware related because when I print the same GCode file using the same ASA filament on my other two X1Cs or on my P1S, there is no issues and it comes out just fine.

The printer itself has been well used but I replaced the XY belts and carbon rods just a few months ago, and I recently replaced the heatbed and AC board. The carbon rods were just cleaned and the Y rails were also cleaned and reoiled before this print. Lead screws have also been lubricated. Lastly, belts were retensioned and I ran calibration on the printer after doing all of the above.

I’m honestly at a loss with this issue so any help is appreciated, thanks!

Looks really great and really terrible at the same time…
I only ever had prints coming out like that on one of my old printers and it drove me mad after a while.
Flat surfaces were not as bad a rounded ones.
For the later I got similar looking ‘surface features’.
My issues originated from the hotend itself.
Was of this three part design - mounting block, stainless bolt as heat break, heating block with nozzle.
Somehow the threaded part in the top got worn up and developed a bit of free play despite the bolt being well seated at the top.
Wasn’t enough to see or feel during inspections but eventually I did a high speed video of a print and when playing it back slow the unwanted movement of the assembly became evident.

Probably not the cause for you but I suspect similar.
Something, probably within the head or head mounting might be a bit loose.
Only other thing that comes to mind right now would be the belts not being aligned and rubbing on top/bottom/ of the pulleys.

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It almost looks like two different types of defects.

One in the XY plane, one leaving a clear imprint of the z-spindles.
Unfortunately, I can only speculate on possible root causes.

For the XY-axis, with belt tensioning having been done, maybe some play in the print head bearings (im which case pics from different directions [+/-45°] may help to differentiate X from Y bearings) or misaligned belts which should show on the idlers.

For the Z-spindle imprint, it almost looks like there’s some tension in the spindles. Misaligned bearings (check visually), stresses on the bearing mounts (loosen the 2 screws to release tension/compression at each bearing and re-tighten) or the need for bed tramming come to mind.

:crossed_fingers: & :four_leaf_clover: