Thanks for posting. These photos are what we should have started off to begin with. In all candor, we wasted a lot of time had we started off with these as they tell the whole story.
Again, don’t overthink this, stick to basics. Just because you read this on the web doesn’t mean you should waste your time trying this new shiny solution… stay focused.
Tramming is only if you were getting imbalanced contact with the build plate and your first layer test is not indicating that otherwise one corner would be different.
Your clear photos help us identify the problem.
This “flaking” of filament could be caused by two factors. Flow rate is the most likely “primary” contributor but pressure advance is the second possible factor. Once you calibrated for flow rate, then you can move on to pressure advance.
Also, it would behoove you to move over to Orca and use the baked-in calibration tools that can be found there. The two tools are flow rate and pressure advance, more specifically PA Pattern. Perform the flow rate first and pressure advance second and then re-run your firs layer test — without the friggen hole!!! 
If you followed the instructions carefully, in the slice flow submenu, you will get this gradient of flow confirming that the Gcode was modified upon slicing. This is why we use Orca because the calibration tools automate Gcode variance needed to modify flow rate.
Then move on to Pressure Advance. The PA Pattern is the faster but PA Tower is more precise. Refer to the 1,001 tutorials found here. Or simply go to the tutorial on the calibration menu.
After you fixed the flow rate and then and ONLY THEN, gone onto pressure advance, this should clear up this issue:
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