please see picture for better details. It did not all happen at a single layer but appears to get worse as the head rose.
Bambu A1 0.4 nozzle
Bambu basic filament
settings are the 0.12fine @BBL A1 with thin wall detection.
Assuming you general settings and calibration are fine you could try some of this >
Lower the nozzle temp by 5 to 8 degrees BEFORE this damages happen, e.g. by adding the corresponding G-code into the preview.
Add a pause every few layers when getting to the top to allow the plastic to cool down more.
As it is all open you can also try to place pedestal or desk fan near the printer to provide a better airflow, this really helps when printing fast.
Once you have something as slim as those pillars going soft the nozzle will keep increasing the problem.
It does not look (in the pic) like the layer times would have to change where those damages happen but you should be able to tell in the slicing preview.
It is very hard to print tall spires like that - especially with very thin layers. There is a lot of friction in my exp. With thin layers.
I think if you watch, you will see the nozzle smearing back and forth - and vibrating/bending those spires as it goes.
That looks like PLA, so I assume you already have 100% cooling?
You can slow the print head to something like 15mm/sec
You can make the layers .2mm instead of .12
The thing that would do the most I think would be to create some .5 mm thick, 2 mm wide horizontal connectors between the columns 1/4 inch or so below where the bad quality starts. Let them print unsupported as bridges. They will make the spires strong and able to print much higher without fail… then when the print is done, carefully cut the connectors off of the model… and smooth the spots left behind with a file if you like.
Try slowing the printing as much as you can.