No Consistency on Surface Sheen Matte Shine Glossy Outer Walls Banding

WOW thank you for the thorough and well thought out answer - I will try this and update - at the moment I am recalibrating as I am now dealing with this:

All of a sudden my nozzle started grinding on the infill (not grid pattern but rectilinear) - it never did that before. If you have any ideas why this could occur I would love to hear it.