@walidezza Putting the printer on the floor will rule out whether the surface that your printer is on is moving around and contributing, but I doubt it as I have seen countless printers of all brands print fine on tables that wobble.
When an X1C printer is moved to a different locations/surface, the motor noise cancellation should be re-run to optimise noise cancellation as the harmonic damping mass has likely changed. But this is unlikely to solve the layer shifting described.
The issue described is not noise, so anti-vibration feet or putting the printer on a concrete block does not solve your problem directly. Comparing a Prusa Mk2 from a test 3 years ago with an X1 Carbon is like comparing apples and bananas, as the purpose of the block and foam were to solve a noise problem, not layer shifting, and the Prusa Mk 2 did not have the harmonic noise cancellation of the X1C.
If (1) the latest firmware (2) the latest software (3) standard BL PLA (4) standard settings are being used and layer shifting is experienced on a simple test block, then the cause is most likely mechanical slack or resistance in the system somewhere.
- Toothed idler pulleys loose on the stepper motor shafts, causing backlash in the belt drive and carriage movement
- Smooth idler pulleys loose, causing wobble on the shaft and varying backlash in the belt drive and carriage movement
- Seized bearing in idler pulleys, causing excessive resistance in the belt/carriage movement (although there would probably be squeaking or other bearing noise)
- Belt slack, causing backlash in the belt drive
- Belt over-tension, causing excessive resistance in the carriage movement and therefore a lagging carriage movement
- Loose stepper motor(s), causing backlash in the belt drive and carriage movement
- Loose screws/bolts somewhere in the entire mechanism, causing backlash in the belt drive and carriage movement - check that the nozzle is firmly screwed to the print head, and it is firmly screwed to the carriage, and the carriage doesn’t have slack on the rods. Systematically work through all fixtures from the nozzle to the stepper motors.
- Has any lubricant been applied to the belts or idler pulleys as this may cause a belt slip or a layer shift (mentioned here).
Check the maintenance notes in the Wiki here.
Another test that could be done: Print the small test block from the “How to fine-tune flow rate?” section of the flow rate tuning WiKi article - one block in each corner of the bed and one in the center. Print one block at a time, not all five using “by layer”. Label them and compare if they differ front-to back or left-to-right of the bed. This is a quick test of whether the fault occurs all over the bed or only in certain zones. Perhaps do this on the other printer too, using the same spool of filament, nozzle size, settings, etc and compare results.
Swapping mechanical components between your printer and the other one may be misleading, as dismantling and reassembling the printers may solve any of the issues above by tightening a loose component and leading to the incorrect conclusion that a “faulty” component has been found.
Swapping electronic components (boards, power supply) may (although highly unlikely) expose something obscure. It is more likely that if a board is faulty that there are entirely different fault symptoms than layer shifting, or the printer is simple dead.
The steps above are the same principle of the diagnostic process that would be followed to determine the source of the described symptom if this was a giant Stratasys industrial FDM machine (although the drive mechanisms differ in some respects).
Added: Try the vase print test that @Olias describes here. where layer issues are also being discussed.