microSD emmc NAND storage / adapter

From what I read the P1S and A1 minis are using the microSD card as a cache.

Edit: From what I understand the P1S has internal storage and can print without a microSD card inserted and the A1 mini needs a microSD card inserted even if you print via Bambu Studio which made me want to find the mosts solid and reliable microSD connector compatible storage solution.

Screenshot 2025-05-05 at 02.04.22

and once that let you replace the chip:
Screenshot 2025-05-05 at 02.08.12

Screenshot 2025-05-05 at 02.08.42

Since I don’t trust microSD cards will this microSD emmc card work?
You can buy a 32GB emmc module (apparently the currently max supported storage size) and those are I think of type NAND chips, those should last forever.

Has anyone tried them yet?

The NAND chip in a good microSD card and the NAND chip on one of these eMMC cards is going to be the same NAND chip. The only difference is the packaging. The memory does not somehow become more reliable because the interface changes. In fact, since the eMMC option has more parts than a microSD card, and it would appear to lack encapsulation to protect it from static electricity, it’d arguably be less reliable.

Stick with microSD cards. Just don’t buy cheap ones. There are only a few Flash memory manufacturers in the world, but dozens and dozens of microSD brands. Only buy the ones that are from a manufacturer, like Samsung or SanDisk, and watch out for counterfeits. If you use lowest price as your first criteria for choosing a SD card, you’re increasing the odds of getting one that’s substandard.

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Not the same chip at all.

Emmc: 270MB/s write and 330MB/s read
SanDisk Extreme PRO microSD: 140MB/s write and 200MB/s read

Am I missing something?

I provided spec sheets.
I just want to make the best decision. Trust me I don’t want to be right for the sake of it. But I don’t think your claims are correct.

Here is the digikey spec sheet of the cheap emmc module:

https://de.aliexpress.com/item/1005006282680076.html?

Apparently EMMC modules have the controller on board and hardware features:

Global Wear-Leveling: Ensures even distribution of write and erase cycles across the memory to prolong lifespan.
Hardware ECC Engine: Provides error correction to maintain data integrity.
Sudden-Power-Loss Safeguard: Protects data during unexpected power interruptions.
S.M.A.R.T. Health Report: Allows monitoring of the device’s health status.

I dont know if thats just marketing gibberish but I know for certain that I wrecked a bunch of brand microSD cards by unplugging it suddenly or using a cheap adapter etc

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You’re clearly putting thought into this and I applaud that, but there are several issues with your post that make it difficult to follow and potentially misleading—especially for less experienced users who may take your assumptions at face value.

First, a housekeeping point: you posted in the English-speaking section, and while your main text is translated, much of the supporting material—screenshots, pasted product descriptions—appears to come from German-language websites. Unfortunately, the images or pasted ad content did not translate to English, which makes it difficult for others to verify or even understand the basis of your conclusions. It would help a lot if you could provide direct links to the products or pages you’re referencing so others can translate and review them properly thus providing quality feedback.

Second, your statements about eMMC versus SD cards are problematic. You imply that eMMC is more reliable than SD cards, but that’s not accurate. While both use similar NAND flash, SD cards—particularly high-endurance models designed for surveillance and automotive applications—are often more durable and better suited to repeated write cycles which is how the Bambu printers operate. In contrast, low-cost eMMC is frequently soldered directly to a board with no upgrade path, and tends to have shorter write endurance. Suggesting that eMMC is inherently more trustworthy misleads readers into thinking they’re upgrading when they’re not.

Also, the idea that Bambu printers use the SD card as a buffer is incorrect. They use it as a cache—a persistent local storage system, not a temporary holding area. The distinction is important. If that mislabeling is a translation artifact, that’s understandable, but it should be corrected so others don’t get the wrong idea.

Finally, your note about storage capacity doesn’t reflect what’s actually supported. The P1 series, for example, only supports cards up to 32GB and requires FAT32 formatting. Attempting to use a 64GB or larger card will either fail or trigger an auto-format to a 32GB partition. That’s clearly documented here:

In short: I appreciate the effort, but please take more care with formatting, sourcing, and technical accuracy. The risk is that newer members will come away with the wrong conclusions, which helps no one.

_________________________________________________

On a related note: Coincidentally, this topic is timely because just this weekend I began benchmarking a range of SD card types—standard, high endurance, and industrial-grade variants—under sustained read/write loads typical of 3D printing workflows. Final benchmarking will be performed in my P1P. The testing isn’t complete yet as it takes 20-30+ minutes to run each test, but I’ll be publishing detailed results soon, along with configuration data, so others can replicate and validate findings across different Bambu printer models. Follow-up post forthcoming.

I would be interested in this. Can you share the benchmarking tests that you will be using? I have 2 A1’s and would be interested in seeing how they compare.

Oh and sorry to the OP for hijacking your thread.

Thank you for letting me know about the 32GB limit. I did not know that.
You assume my main text was translated, It was not. I wrote it just like I wrote this. Perhaps it reads like a translation :smile:

Im from Switzerland and I think I posted the digikey and screenshots in English, not sure what was translated there. The 54 Is in Swiss franks, I assume you mean that? Or perhaps the aliexpress link is in German because of the auto language when I copied the url?

Im currently running 4x A1 mini and 3x P1S. I haven’t tried it yet but from what I read I can use my 3x P1S without microSD cards since I mainly use Bambu studio.

But from what I read you need a microSD card in your A1 Mini to 3D print even via Bambu Studio?

Im adding like 10x A1 mini soon and im printing in parallel for my robotics project. The reason I looked into this is because I literally fried, bricked and broken many brand microSD cards before (when using it in a single board computer like raspberry pi or orange pi and even DJI drones) and I refuse to deal with broken microSD cards at this point.

eMMC Flash has a different interface inside the package (there are a few different interface types that can talk to NAND). But the memory Die that the interface talks to is the same memory Die that’s in a SD card, or in your cell phone, or even in your SSD.

While there are a bunch of other features too, what fundamentally makes a SSD more reliable is “redundancy”. Most SSDs implement an internal RAID 5 or 6 so that they can still return good data in spite of any failures that might occur in one of the Flash die.

SD and eMMC lack this sophistication, they’re really designed for low cost, first. Which is why they’re not the most reliable devices.

Regarding different grades of NAND “endurance” (how much you can write to the NAND before it wears out), there’s generally only one version of NAND there, too. Flash memory can be configured to operate in a number of different “modes”, “Single Level”, “Multi Level”, “Three Level” and “Quad Level”. What this represents is how many bits of data are stored in a single Flash memory cell. SLC (Single Level Cell) has 1:1, MLC has 2:1, TLC has 3:1 and QLC has 4:1. The more bits you stuff in to a single memory cell, the lower the endurance of the Flash. So a high endurance SD card is the same Flash as a not-high-endurance card. Except instead of maybe being configured as MLC, it’s configured as SLC. The endurance goes up but the capacity goes down. Which is why high endurance SD cards cost so much more per GB. You need more chips for the same capacity.

Flash manufacturers understand this, obviously, which is why they don’t let you just configure your Flash the way you want. Higher endurance commands a price premium. But there’s no added cost to make it. It comes off the same fab line as all the other chips.

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Sure. My testing is based on four components:

  1. Large model test – I’m using a high-vertex, large-scale model that generates a significantly large G-code file. The 3MF file exceeds 4MB, which may exceed the forum’s upload limit. If needed, I’ll host it externally and share the link.
  2. Synthetic benchmark – Each SD card is tested using a USB 3.0 to MicroSD adapter to simulate ideal conditions and capture theoretical maximum throughput. I’m using CrystalMark, a benchmark tool I’ve used for years, primarily because I have a strong base of historical data for comparison.
  3. LAN-only direct print test – This involves sending the job to the printer in LAN-only mode and manually timing how long it takes for the P1P to begin printing. It’s not lab-grade precision, but it’s sufficient for comparative measurements between cards.
  4. FTP transfer test – I’m using WinSCP in LAN-only mode to transfer files to and from the printer. This measures raw file transfer throughput independently from the slicer and helps isolate any I/O bottlenecks.

Thanks for sharing your experience. Totally get your frustration—once you’ve fried a few cards in drones or SBCs, it’s hard to trust them again.

That said, it’s worth pointing out that desktop 3D printers like the A1 Mini live a much easier life than drones or outdoor SBCs. They’re not getting shaken around in flight, exposed to the elements, or constantly powered on/off. So the failure mode isn’t necessarily the same.

But it also sounds like you’re throwing out the whole SD tech based on a few rough use cases. I’ve worked on a bunch of industrial systems—stuff mounted on planes, oil rigs, and other brutal environments—and we’ve had success with SD cards, if you use the right ones and treat them properly.

Here’s what’s worked for us:

  1. Use high-endurance cards from reputable brands.
    I’ve had good results with SanDisk Extreme Pro, and also with Panasonic-branded industrial cards (which I suspect are just rebranded SanDisks). Here’s a specific model I’ve used that holds up well:
    32GB SanDisk Extreme PRO microSDXC™ UHS-I CARD | Sandisk
    We also implement health monitoring where supported, and pull the card once it drops below 98% health.

  2. Physically secure the card.
    One trick we use is electrical-grade RTV silicone. It’s not elegant, but if you want to stop vibration or contact issues, nothing beats gluing the card into place. Just don’t expect easy service later. Here’s a good thread on that:
    Silicone glue - #2 by Olias
    Also worth noting: we avoid spring-loaded card slots whenever possible, because even those can cause flaky contacts under the wrong conditions.

Obviously your use case is different, but if you’re bricking cards left and right, it may be less about SD cards being inherently bad and more about needing higher-grade components and better mechanical support. YMMV of course, but this approach has drastically cut down on our field failures.

My bipedal robot is completely out of carbon fiber and I make the motors my self too, all PCBs etc internal data transfer goes via “repurposed” ftth fiber cables/ pigtails that I splice together to create one lane each for segments that are moulded directly into the carbon fibre bones :smiley: and so does power, no wires externally and the internal power lines are solid

I go trough lengths to make stuff last perhaps thats another reason im trying to ditch microSD. My robot runs on m.2 ssd :smiley:

Are you actually printing the file, or just testing the throughput to send the file?

I have an old USB multi card adapter, but I don’t know that it would be the same as what you are using so it might skew the results. I also have a module that fits in my laptop for SD cards that may or may not be better, as I don’t know the specs of the card reader/writers. One may be faster than the other. I have a Framework laptop if that means anything to you, and actually looking at the USB you are using the module for the laptop would possibly be more equivalent to what you are using, so I will use that for comparison.

I have not used CrystalMark, so I will look into how to use it, can you direct me to a basic tutorial? I will also need to look into WinSCP as I have not used it either. Damn it is amazing how fast you can get out of touch when you quit using this stuff in your job and just get old.

Sorry for derailing your thread once again, but how about a picture of the robot?

Il post it when its done :slight_smile: Its carbon fibre bones attached to purpose built ball joint-brushless motors (that can adjust the angle) that can balance at this point but its not the main way to power the movement just for balance.

Il put my startup url in my profile .

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  1. Don’t get hung up on the type of USB to SD card adapter you are using. If you have a USB 3.0 or higher, you likely won’t see a difference in performance.

Here’s a table that kind of shows what I mean.


USB Speed vs microSD Card Speed (Relative Speed Multiples)
(Each value shows how many times faster the USB interface is compared to the microSD category)

NOTE: I got this table computed from an old spreadsheet, I did not check it for accuracy but the values are in the ballpark
microSD Category USB 1.1 (1.5 MB/s) USB 2.0 (60 MB/s) USB 3.0 (625 MB/s) USB 3.1 Gen 2 (1250 MB/s)
Class 2 (2 MB/s) 0.8X 30.0X 312.5X 625.0X
Class 4 (4 MB/s) 0.4X 15.0X 156.3X 312.5X
Class 6 (6 MB/s) 0.25X 10.0X 104.2X 208.3X
Class 10 (10 MB/s) 0.15X 6.0X 62.5X 125.0X
UHS-I (104 MB/s) 0.014X 0.6X 6.0X 12.0X
UHS-II (312 MB/s) 0.005X 0.19X 2.0X 4.0X
UHS-III (624 MB/s) 0.002X 0.096X 1.0X 2.0X
  1. On the subject of a tutorial. CrystalMark and similar utilities typically work out of the box or at least I’m using the default settings. YouTube CrystalMark for various tutorials. Note: This utility works on all mass storage interfaces which is why I use it. There are some SD Card specific tools out there but I don’t see their value. Also, there is a sister utility called CrystalDiskInfo which will provide health data for certain mass storage devices such as SSD’s and rotating memory disk that support the SMART interface.

I was just trying to limit variables so that the tests would be a more accurate comparison between the different printers. I did not want the equipment that I had available to test to be a factor in the tests, so thank you for confirming that it would not.

Just tried it with the radxa microSD > MMC adapter and 32GB module.
Im stunned how fast it is!! and it really confuses me the heck out of me what you are talking about.

Some advice for the future, don’t come out as the expert with your definite statements when you have not even tried it. You’re disconnected from reality if you base your statements on personal believes rather than data.

Well meant tip: Try a radxa microSD > MMC adapter first before you advice everyone on that topic.

Can you elaborate more on this?
Fast like, transfer file from PC to this setup via USB3.0 card reader real fast or fast with WinSPC (or FileZilla or whatever) sending file to the printer, or fast when upload print job to the printer via local network.

We don’t care how fast the sd card is actually, 100MB/s or 500MB/s is meaningless when the main chip ESP32 of P1S can only do 26MHz for the SPI data transfer rate, which translate to about maximum 3.25MB/s.

What we need is more resilient SD card or reliable eMMC setup. Basically, NAND chip of eMMC module and SD card are the same type and technology. But eMMC has speed advantage thanks to more data bus line, but that doesn’t say about how much endurance each cell of the NAND chip can be.

My hypothesis is, the trouble lays within FAT32 format. Back in the day when I had to undelete a file in windows 95. Basically, when I forced Shift-Del a file accidentally, I had to shutdown the computer right away to prevent overwritten to that sector, then boot from a floppy to recover that file.

Yeah, I think the whole shebang (Printer and SD card) is dumb enough to just re-write the same cell over and over until it cannot be written again. Like modify the same logfile and save it or over-write on the same cells over and over again.

Write via USB 3.0 eMMC adapter onto the eMMC module, pop it into the micro SD adapter and plug it into the printer. Fast and offline. But im sure its also faster via the Bambu Studio App via WIFI.

Transfer speeds are faster than microSD cards straight into my MacBook Pro 14 inch M3 pro via microSD > SD card brand adapter.

Do what ever you want but the eMMC is the fastest option you got.

And I agree the reason why microSD cards get nuked so fast is because often the writing is messed up. Also I had microSD cards short and melt and also Sandisk and Samsung microSD to SD card adapters blow.

Not sure why it’s even a question if eMMC is faster and costs like 25 bucks for 32GB, everyones hourly rate here is multiples of the price of an microSD > eMMC adapter with 32GB module why even debate about it?. Just do what ever the hell you want. Just know eMMCs are faster than microSD, end of story.

eMMC is designed for embedded applications. Soldered to the PCB. It’s not designed or intended for use as removable storage. eMMC is faster, and it’ll do a better job of wear leveling than a SD card will. But used as removable storage it is not necessarily going to prove to be more reliable.

Wear leveling isn’t a real consideration here. Typical NAND flash (in a SD card or eMMC) is going to be good for something in the range of 1000-3000 program/erase cycles before it wears out. A 32GB card should withstand something better than 32TB of data writes. If your typical 3MF is 3.2MB in size, you can write it to the SD card 10 million times before the 1000 program/erase cycles limit is reached.

Using a SD Card as the boot drive for a Raspberry Pi isn’t a very good idea. eMMC is actually a much better choice from a long-term reliability standpoint. But for the 3D printer use case we just don’t do enough writes for it to matter.

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But for the 3D printer use case we just don’t do enough writes for it to matter.

While that is true for most 3D printers, you can’t really say that the P1S does not write to the memory card much. If you remove the microSD card from the printer and have a look at the various directories, you’ll see that even if you have turned off time lapse video recording, the printer’s firmware is constantly writing to files in the /recorder and /logger directories while it is printing. If you have time lapse recording on, then it’s writing to the /timelapse directory as well.

It’s quite a lot for the weaker microprocessor in the P1 series to handle and any problems with the card are likely to cause lock ups or other odd problems when printing. I don’t see a need to provide faster and more expensive storage instead of a microSD card, but, the card you use has to be a quality, genuine product.

Poor quality cards, often counterfeit products bought too cheaply at the usual online markets, will ruin your printing experience. The same can be said when it comes to using a microSD card as the boot drive for a RPi. My Pi that runs my Kodi server to stream to my TV has been running happily for about 8 years now from a genuine, quality card.

If you have good quality cards, the biggest problem with them is that they are removable. Even though the microSD card and socket are marvels of mechanical design, they risk having people zap the card’s contacts with static electricity, don’t last forever, are fragile and allow dirt and contaminants into the mechanism.

The ideal solution in printers like the P1 series would be to have a built-in eMMC chip that the printer’s firmware can use exclusively plus a sturdy USB socket for loading print files manually and copying saved video from the printer. But, the P1 series is designed down to a price point, so that’s not what BL did. I swapped out the card the printer came with for one I knew to be good as soon as I got the printer. I just leave the card in the printer and transfer files over WiFi and that works fine for me.

The fragility of the microSD socket in the printer is going to be tested even more by the length of an eMMC to microSD adapter. The connectors that mount the eMMC module to the adapter board are even more fragile. All of the electronics is exposed when you handle one of these adapters and the risk for static damage is very real.

For me, the risks here far outweigh the tiny gains in time achieved by this.