I don’t see this issue discussed much anymore, so maybe it’s not as common as it was 1.5 years ago when I bought my P1S. However, I believe I’ve solved my wifi connection issues.
The solution for me appears to be disabling MU-MIMO on my router. On my TP-Link router, this is at the top of the Wireless tab in the web interface. Leaving OFDMA enabled seems to cause no problems.

I admit that there have been many times when I thought I had solved the connectivity problem. I thought I fixed it by changing security settings, Wi-Fi channel, channel width, and many others. But I have turned this setting on and off many times, and the printer seems to connect reliably every time I turn it off. If you have this problem, please try it and let me know if it helps.
Hopefully, someone who has more networking expertise than I can let me know how important this setting is for a home wifi network. Is it important enough that I should use a separate access point for the printer so that I can leave MU-MIMO enabled for the rest of the network?
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If anyone does care, I switched my channel width setting to 20/40 MHz, along with the setting mentioned above, and it has seemed rock solid for two days. I had previously changed it to 20 MHz on the advice of TP-Link support.
I’m not going to call this a solution because, at this point, I think that’s just poking the bear.
These are my current wi-fi settings:
Edit: I’ve learned that OFDMA and MU-MIMO are specifically 802.11ax (WiFi 6) settings. Since I didn’t have that enabled on the 2.4 GHz band (again, on the advice of TP-Link Support), changing that shouldn’t have mattered. Somehow, I believe it still did. What’s more, I’ve enabled 802.11ax now, and the connection seems just as solid, but when I turn on MU-MIMO, it doesn’t want to connect.
LAST EDIT: I’ve had a support ticket open with Bambu almost since I bought my printer. Two weeks ago, they sent me a new AP board for my P1S. Since installing it, I have had no connection issues. The version number printed on the new board was higher than the one I removed. I’m not sure if that’s the reason it’s improved, or if the old one was just faulty.
I’ve returned my router’s settings to the more desired settings. (MU-MIMO enabled, 20 MHz channel width.)