Sure, but most parts aren’t machined after printing. If you have these requirements and the equipment for precision touch-ups, you probably have the budget for a printer capable of handling PEEK.
Most things-PLA
Things that may warm up a bit or have spring-PETG
Stuff thats for outdoors-ASA
For “expensive” things that need to last-nylon
Stuff that needs flex-TPU
To stink your house up-ABS
Dont limit yourself, theres a specific filament for every need.
I don’t know how many parts that I first printed in PETG or ASA and then I reprinted again in TPU… 
TPU - parts that sometimes fall off the hand or are outside, shouldn’t split (contamination), certain chemicals resistances, frost-proof and so on - it may even be that the flexibility of TPU becomes a disadvantage, which must be reduced as much as possible.
Another very important printing material for me is Greentec Pro - But very few actually will really need it…